A week ago, I received the much-anticipated ESV Literary Study Bible (ESVLSB), and I wanted to post some of my initial reactions to this new study Bible. As many of us know, this is not the first edition of the English Standard Version. Rather the ESV was first published in 2001 and, at that time, I received a copy of it. After a few years of dabbling with the ESV, I began to use it more consistently in 2004. While holding a Bible conference in 2005 at a church that used the ESV, I purchased ESV: The Reformation Study Bible. Subsequently, I began to use the ESV as my preferred literal or formal translation, though I use many other versions since all legitimate translations reflect a substantive preservation of the autographs. Since I teach Hebrew, I encourage my students that, after they have done their own complete original translation, they should consult three different types of translations to check their work. They should begin with a Bible that uses a formal equivalence translation philosophy, such as the ESV or NASB. Next, they should check a functional equivalence Bible, such as NLT or CEV, and then a Bible that is somewhere in between these two translation philosophies, such as NIV or NET Bible. These last two types of translation should assist them in refining their own English translation. Since I am committed to the original language texts that undergird all acceptable translation work, my commitment in the Old Testament is to Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and in the New Testament to the Greek New Testament (UBS4) (though my knowledge of Greek is not the same as when I did my doctoral work). However, because my knowledge of Hebrew is more a grammatical understanding, rather than an intuitive knowledge of the language, my own oral translations are more often than not coordinate with a rendering that is similar to the ESV.
When I first read about the ESV Literary Study Bible, I had some favorable expectations because of the two editors, Dr. Leland Ryken, Clyde S. Kilby professor of English at Wheaton College, and his son, Dr. Philip Graham Ryken, senior pastor at the historic Tenth Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. For those who have taken any of my classes related to Old Testament poetic literature, Dr. Leland Ryken’s name should bring to mind favorable memories since I require my students in these types of classes to read a few of the books that he has written. One of my favorites is Words of Delight: A Literary Introduction to the Bible.
Over this past week, I have been reading segments from Job, Psalms, and Ecclesiastes. My initial reactions have been positive. While this is a study Bible, it is not the same as other study Bibles that I have used (for example, NAS Ryrie Study Bible, NIV: Study Bible, The MacArthur Study Bible, and ESV: The Reformation Study Bible). Like other study Bibles, ESVLSB contains a commentary on the biblical text; however, what is different is that ESVLSB places its comments as headnotes rather footnotes. In addition, the headnotes do not focus on the types of comments other study Bibles have, but rather on giving the reader reflective notes about the genre of a given text and its structural unity, as well as developing other significant rhetorical features. Furthermore, ESVLSB provides an introduction to each book that focus on the following kinds of issues: general information about the book, genre, key motifs, stylistic and rhetorical features, issues that relate to human experience, the development of a book’s message as well as how a specific book’s message relates to the overall message of the Bible. Another beneficial feature is the “Glossary of Terms and Genres” at the end of book on pages 1883-1900. One final positive item is that you can currently receive a 40% discount if you order this study Bible from Westminster Books.
Let me make three observations about the books that I have examined. First, the introductory items discussed for the book of Job are good: the book at a glance, genres, keys to enjoying and understanding the book of Job, how to avoid misinterpreting the book, unifying frameworks, inferred literary intentions, theological themes, and the book of Job as a chapter in the master story of the Bible. IMNSHO, ESVLSB has the correct understanding of the Elihu speeches (read each of the five introductory notes that precede Job 32-37 ESV [show]Job 32-37
Elihu Rebukes Job's Three Friends
[32:1]So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. [2]Then Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, burned with anger. He burned with anger at Job because he justified himself rather than God. [3]He burned with anger also at Job's three friends because they had found no answer, although they had declared Job to be in the wrong. [4]Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job because they were older than he. [5]And when Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, he burned with anger.
[6]And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said:
"I am young in years,
and you are aged;
therefore I was timid and afraid
to declare my opinion to you.
[7]I said, 'Let days speak,
and many years teach wisdom.'
[8]But it is the spirit in man,
the breath of the Almighty, that makes him understand.
[9]It is not the old(1) who are wise,
nor the aged who understand what is right.
[10]Therefore I say, 'Listen to me;
let me also declare my opinion.'
[11]"Behold, I waited for your words,
I listened for your wise sayings,
while you searched out what to say.
[12]I gave you my attention,
and, behold, there was none among you who refuted Job
or who answered his words.
[13]Beware lest you say, 'We have found wisdom;
God may vanquish him, not a man.'
[14]He has not directed his words against me,
and I will not answer him with your speeches.
[15]"They are dismayed; they answer no more;
they have not a word to say.
[16]And shall I wait, because they do not speak,
because they stand there, and answer no more?
[17]I also will answer with my share;
I also will declare my opinion.
[18]For I am full of words;
the spirit within me constrains me.
[19]Behold, my belly is like wine that has no vent;
like new wineskins ready to burst.
[20]I must speak, that I may find relief;
I must open my lips and answer.
[21]I will not show partiality to any man
or use flattery toward any person.
[22]For I do not know how to flatter,
else my Maker would soon take me away.
Elihu Rebukes Job
[33:1]"But now, hear my speech, O Job,
and listen to all my words.
[2]Behold, I open my mouth;
the tongue in my mouth speaks.
[3]My words declare the uprightness of my heart,
and what my lips know they speak sincerely.
[4]The Spirit of God has made me,
and the breath of the Almighty gives me life.
[5]Answer me, if you can;
set your words in order before me; take your stand.
[6]Behold, I am toward God as you are;
I too was pinched off from a piece of clay.
[7]Behold, no fear of me need terrify you;
my pressure will not be heavy upon you.
[8]"Surely you have spoken in my ears,
and I have heard the sound of your words.
[9]You say, 'I am pure, without transgression;
I am clean, and there is no iniquity in me.
[10]Behold, he finds occasions against me,
he counts me as his enemy,
[11]he puts my feet in the stocks
and watches all my paths.'
[12]"Behold, in this you are not right. I will answer you,
for God is greater than man.
[13]Why do you contend against him,
saying, 'He will answer none of man's(2) words'?(3)
[14]For God speaks in one way,
and in two, though man does not perceive it.
[15]In a dream, in a vision of the night,
when deep sleep falls on men,
while they slumber on their beds,
[16]then he opens the ears of men
and terrifies them with warnings,
[17]that he may turn man aside from his deed
and conceal pride from a man;
[18]he keeps back his soul from the pit,
his life from perishing by the sword.
[19]"Man is also rebuked with pain on his bed
and with continual strife in his bones,
[20]so that his life loathes bread,
and his appetite the choicest food.
[21]His flesh is so wasted away that it cannot be seen,
and his bones that were not seen stick out.
[22]His soul draws near the pit,
and his life to those who bring death.
[23]If there be for him an angel,
a mediator, one of the thousand,
to declare to man what is right for him,
[24]and he is merciful to him, and says,
'Deliver him from going down into the pit;
I have found a ransom;
[25]let his flesh become fresh with youth;
let him return to the days of his youthful vigor';
[26]then man(4) prays to God, and he accepts him;
he sees his face with a shout of joy,
and he restores to man his righteousness.
[27]He sings before men and says:
'I sinned and perverted what was right,
and it was not repaid to me.
[28]He has redeemed my soul from going down into the pit,
and my life shall look upon the light.'
[29]"Behold, God does all these things,
twice, three times, with a man,
[30]to bring back his soul from the pit,
that he may be lighted with the light of life.
[31]Pay attention, O Job, listen to me;
be silent, and I will speak.
[32]If you have any words, answer me;
speak, for I desire to justify you.
[33]If not, listen to me;
be silent, and I will teach you wisdom."
Elihu Asserts God's Justice
[34:1]Then Elihu answered and said:
[2]"Hear my words, you wise men,
and give ear to me, you who know;
[3]for the ear tests words
as the palate tastes food.
[4]Let us choose what is right;
let us know among ourselves what is good.
[5]For Job has said, 'I am in the right,
and God has taken away my right;
[6]in spite of my right I am counted a liar;
my wound is incurable, though I am without transgression.'
[7]What man is like Job,
who drinks up scoffing like water,
[8]who travels in company with evildoers
and walks with wicked men?
[9]For he has said, 'It profits a man nothing
that he should take delight in God.'
[10]"Therefore, hear me, you men of understanding:
far be it from God that he should do wickedness,
and from the Almighty that he should do wrong.
[11]For according to the work of a man he will repay him,
and according to his ways he will make it befall him.
[12]Of a truth, God will not do wickedly,
and the Almighty will not pervert justice.
[13]Who gave him charge over the earth,
and who laid on him(5) the whole world?
[14]If he should set his heart to it
and gather to himself his spirit and his breath,
[15]all flesh would perish together,
and man would return to dust.
[16]"If you have understanding, hear this;
listen to what I say.
[17]Shall one who hates justice govern?
Will you condemn him who is righteous and mighty,
[18]who says to a king, 'Worthless one,'
and to nobles, 'Wicked man,'
[19]who shows no partiality to princes,
nor regards the rich more than the poor,
for they are all the work of his hands?
[20]In a moment they die;
at midnight the people are shaken and pass away,
and the mighty are taken away by no human hand.
[21]"For his eyes are on the ways of a man,
and he sees all his steps.
[22]There is no gloom or deep darkness
where evildoers may hide themselves.
[23]For God(6) has no need to consider a man further,
that he should go before God in judgment.
[24]He shatters the mighty without investigation
and sets others in their place.
[25]Thus, knowing their works,
he overturns them in the night, and they are crushed.
[26]He strikes them for their wickedness
in a place for all to see,
[27]because they turned aside from following him
and had no regard for any of his ways,
[28]so that they caused the cry of the poor to come to him,
and he heard the cry of the afflicted--
[29]When he is quiet, who can condemn?
When he hides his face, who can behold him,
whether it be a nation or a man?--
[30]that a godless man should not reign,
that he should not ensnare the people.
[31]"For has anyone said to God,
'I have borne punishment; I will not offend any more;
[32]teach me what I do not see;
if I have done iniquity, I will do it no more'?
[33]Will he then make repayment to suit you,
because you reject it?
For you must choose, and not I;
therefore declare what you know.(7)
[34]Men of understanding will say to me,
and the wise man who hears me will say:
[35]'Job speaks without knowledge;
his words are without insight.'
[36]Would that Job were tried to the end,
because he answers like wicked men.
[37]For he adds rebellion to his sin;
he claps his hands among us
and multiplies his words against God."
Elihu Condemns Job
[35:1]And Elihu answered and said:
[2]"Do you think this to be just?
Do you say, 'It is my right before God,'
[3]that you ask, 'What advantage have I?
How am I better off than if I had sinned?'
[4]I will answer you
and your friends with you.
[5]Look at the heavens, and see;
and behold the clouds, which are higher than you.
[6]If you have sinned, what do you accomplish against him?
And if your transgressions are multiplied, what do you do to him?
[7]If you are righteous, what do you give to him?
Or what does he receive from your hand?
[8]Your wickedness concerns a man like yourself,
and your righteousness a son of man.
[9]"Because of the multitude of oppressions people cry out;
they call for help because of the arm of the mighty.(8)
[10]But none says, 'Where is God my Maker,
who gives songs in the night,
[11]who teaches us more than the beasts of the earth
and makes us wiser than the birds of the heavens?'
[12]There they cry out, but he does not answer,
because of the pride of evil men.
[13]Surely God does not hear an empty cry,
nor does the Almighty regard it.
[14]How much less when you say that you do not see him,
that the case is before him, and you are waiting for him!
[15]And now, because his anger does not punish,
and he does not take much note of transgression,(9)
[16]Job opens his mouth in empty talk;
he multiplies words without knowledge."
Elihu Extols God's Greatness
[36:1]And Elihu continued, and said:
[2]"Bear with me a little, and I will show you,
for I have yet something to say on God's behalf.
[3]I will get my knowledge from afar
and ascribe righteousness to my Maker.
[4]For truly my words are not false;
one who is perfect in knowledge is with you.
[5]"Behold, God is mighty, and does not despise any;
he is mighty in strength of understanding.
[6]He does not keep the wicked alive,
but gives the afflicted their right.
[7]He does not withdraw his eyes from the righteous,
but with kings on the throne
he sets them forever, and they are exalted.
[8]And if they are bound in chains
and caught in the cords of affliction,
[9]then he declares to them their work
and their transgressions, that they are behaving arrogantly.
[10]He opens their ears to instruction
and commands that they return from iniquity.
[11]If they listen and serve him,
they complete their days in prosperity,
and their years in pleasantness.
[12]But if they do not listen, they perish by the sword
and die without knowledge.
[13]"The godless in heart cherish anger;
they do not cry for help when he binds them.
[14]They die in youth,
and their life ends among the cult prostitutes.
[15]He delivers the afflicted by their affliction
and opens their ear by adversity.
[16]He also allured you out of distress
into a broad place where there was no cramping,
and what was set on your table was full of fatness.
[17]"But you are full of the judgment on the wicked;
judgment and justice seize you.
[18]Beware lest wrath entice you into scoffing,
and let not the greatness of the ransom turn you aside.
[19]Will your cry for help avail to keep you from distress,
or all the force of your strength?
[20]Do not long for the night,
when peoples vanish in their place.
[21]Take care; do not turn to iniquity,
for this you have chosen rather than affliction.
[22]Behold, God is exalted in his power;
who is a teacher like him?
[23]Who has prescribed for him his way,
or who can say, 'You have done wrong'?
[24]"Remember to extol his work,
of which men have sung.
[25]All mankind has looked on it;
man beholds it from afar.
[26]Behold, God is great, and we know him not;
the number of his years is unsearchable.
[27]For he draws up the drops of water;
they distill his mist in rain,
[28]which the skies pour down
and drop on mankind abundantly.
[29]Can anyone understand the spreading of the clouds,
the thunderings of his pavilion?
[30]Behold, he scatters his lightning about him
and covers the roots of the sea.
[31]For by these he judges peoples;
he gives food in abundance.
[32]He covers his hands with the lightning
and commands it to strike the mark.
[33]Its crashing declares his presence;(10)
the cattle also declare that he rises.
Elihu Proclaims God's Majesty
[37:1]"At this also my heart trembles
and leaps out of its place.
[2]Keep listening to the thunder of his voice
and the rumbling that comes from his mouth.
[3]Under the whole heaven he lets it go,
and his lightning to the corners of the earth.
[4]After it his voice roars;
he thunders with his majestic voice,
and he does not restrain the lightnings(11) when his voice is heard.
[5]God thunders wondrously with his voice;
he does great things that we cannot comprehend.
[6]For to the snow he says, 'Fall on the earth,'
likewise to the downpour, his mighty downpour.
[7]He seals up the hand of every man,
that all men whom he made may know it.
[8]Then the beasts go into their lairs,
and remain in their dens.
[9]From its chamber comes the whirlwind,
and cold from the scattering winds.
[10]By the breath of God ice is given,
and the broad waters are frozen fast.
[11]He loads the thick cloud with moisture;
the clouds scatter his lightning.
[12]They turn around and around by his guidance,
to accomplish all that he commands them
on the face of the habitable world.
[13]Whether for correction or for his land
or for love, he causes it to happen.
[14]"Hear this, O Job;
stop and consider the wondrous works of God.
[15]Do you know how God lays his command upon them
and causes the lightning of his cloud to shine?
[16]Do you know the balancings(12) of the clouds,
the wondrous works of him who is perfect in knowledge,
[17]you whose garments are hot
when the earth is still because of the south wind?
[18]Can you, like him, spread out the skies,
hard as a cast metal mirror?
[19]Teach us what we shall say to him;
we cannot draw up our case because of darkness.
[20]Shall it be told him that I would speak?
Did a man ever wish that he would be swallowed up?
[21]"And now no one looks on the light
when it is bright in the skies,
when the wind has passed and cleared them.
[22]Out of the north comes golden splendor;
God is clothed with awesome majesty.
[23]The Almighty--we cannot find him;
he is great in power;
justice and abundant righteousness he will not violate.
[24]Therefore men fear him;
he does not regard any who are wise in their own conceit."(13)
Footnotes
1. [32:9] Hebrew 'many' [in years]
2. [33:13] Hebrew 'his'
3. [33:13] Or 'He will not answer for any of his own words'
4. [33:26] Hebrew 'he'
5. [34:13] Hebrew lacks 'on him'
6. [34:23] Hebrew 'he'
7. [34:33] The meaning of the Hebrew in verses 29-33 is uncertain
8. [35:9] Or 'the many'
9. [35:15] Theodotion, Symmachus (compare Vulgate); the meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain
10. [36:33] Hebrew 'declares concerning him'
11. [37:4] Hebrew 'them'
12. [37:16] Or 'hoverings'
13. [37:24] Hebrew 'in heart'
). The introduction for each segment of the God speeches in Job 38-42 ESV [show]Job 38-42
The LORD Answers Job
[38:1]Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said:
[2]"Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge?
[3]Dress for action(1) like a man;
I will question you, and you make it known to me.
[4]"Where were you when I laid the foundation of the earth?
Tell me, if you have understanding.
[5]Who determined its measurements--surely you know!
Or who stretched the line upon it?
[6]On what were its bases sunk,
or who laid its cornerstone,
[7]when the morning stars sang together
and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
[8]"Or who shut in the sea with doors
when it burst out from the womb,
[9]when I made clouds its garment
and thick darkness its swaddling band,
[10]and prescribed limits for it
and set bars and doors,
[11]and said, 'Thus far shall you come, and no farther,
and here shall your proud waves be stayed'?
[12]"Have you commanded the morning since your days began,
and caused the dawn to know its place,
[13]that it might take hold of the skirts of the earth,
and the wicked be shaken out of it?
[14]It is changed like clay under the seal,
and its features stand out like a garment.
[15]From the wicked their light is withheld,
and their uplifted arm is broken.
[16]"Have you entered into the springs of the sea,
or walked in the recesses of the deep?
[17]Have the gates of death been revealed to you,
or have you seen the gates of deep darkness?
[18]Have you comprehended the expanse of the earth?
Declare, if you know all this.
[19]"Where is the way to the dwelling of light,
and where is the place of darkness,
[20]that you may take it to its territory
and that you may discern the paths to its home?
[21]You know, for you were born then,
and the number of your days is great!
[22]"Have you entered the storehouses of the snow,
or have you seen the storehouses of the hail,
[23]which I have reserved for the time of trouble,
for the day of battle and war?
[24]What is the way to the place where the light is distributed,
or where the east wind is scattered upon the earth?
[25]"Who has cleft a channel for the torrents of rain
and a way for the thunderbolt,
[26]to bring rain on a land where no man is,
on the desert in which there is no man,
[27]to satisfy the waste and desolate land,
and to make the ground sprout with grass?
[28]"Has the rain a father,
or who has begotten the drops of dew?
[29]From whose womb did the ice come forth,
and who has given birth to the frost of heaven?
[30]The waters become hard like stone,
and the face of the deep is frozen.
[31]"Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades
or loose the cords of Orion?
[32]Can you lead forth the Mazzaroth(2) in their season,
or can you guide the Bear with its children?
[33]Do you know the ordinances of the heavens?
Can you establish their rule on the earth?
[34]"Can you lift up your voice to the clouds,
that a flood of waters may cover you?
[35]Can you send forth lightnings, that they may go
and say to you, 'Here we are'?
[36]Who has put wisdom in the inward parts(3)
or given understanding to the mind?(4)
[37]Who can number the clouds by wisdom?
Or who can tilt the waterskins of the heavens,
[38]when the dust runs into a mass
and the clods stick fast together?
[39]"Can you hunt the prey for the lion,
or satisfy the appetite of the young lions,
[40]when they crouch in their dens
or lie in wait in their thicket?
[41]Who provides for the raven its prey,
when its young ones cry to God for help,
and wander about for lack of food?
[39:1]"Do you know when the mountain goats give birth?
Do you observe the calving of the does?
[2]Can you number the months that they fulfill,
and do you know the time when they give birth,
[3]when they crouch, bring forth their offspring,
and are delivered of their young?
[4]Their young ones become strong; they grow up in the open;
they go out and do not return to them.
[5]"Who has let the wild donkey go free?
Who has loosed the bonds of the swift donkey,
[6]to whom I have given the arid plain for his home
and the salt land for his dwelling place?
[7]He scorns the tumult of the city;
he hears not the shouts of the driver.
[8]He ranges the mountains as his pasture,
and he searches after every green thing.
[9]"Is the wild ox willing to serve you?
Will he spend the night at your manger?
[10]Can you bind him in the furrow with ropes,
or will he harrow the valleys after you?
[11]Will you depend on him because his strength is great,
and will you leave to him your labor?
[12]Do you have faith in him that he will return your grain
and gather it to your threshing floor?
[13]"The wings of the ostrich wave proudly,
but are they the pinions and plumage of love?(5)
[14]For she leaves her eggs to the earth
and lets them be warmed on the ground,
[15]forgetting that a foot may crush them
and that the wild beast may trample them.
[16]She deals cruelly with her young, as if they were not hers;
though her labor be in vain, yet she has no fear,
[17]because God has made her forget wisdom
and given her no share in understanding.
[18]When she rouses herself to flee,(6)
she laughs at the horse and his rider.
[19]"Do you give the horse his might?
Do you clothe his neck with a mane?
[20]Do you make him leap like the locust?
His majestic snorting is terrifying.
[21]He paws(7) in the valley and exults in his strength;
he goes out to meet the weapons.
[22]He laughs at fear and is not dismayed;
he does not turn back from the sword.
[23]Upon him rattle the quiver,
the flashing spear, and the javelin.
[24]With fierceness and rage he swallows the ground;
he cannot stand still at the sound of the trumpet.
[25]When the trumpet sounds, he says 'Aha!'
He smells the battle from afar,
the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.
[26]"Is it by your understanding that the hawk soars
and spreads his wings toward the south?
[27]Is it at your command that the eagle mounts up
and makes his nest on high?
[28]On the rock he dwells and makes his home,
on the rocky crag and stronghold.
[29]From there he spies out the prey;
his eyes behold it from far away.
[30]His young ones suck up blood,
and where the slain are, there is he."
[40:1]And the LORD said to Job:
[2]"Shall a faultfinder contend with the Almighty?
He who argues with God, let him answer it."
Job Promises Silence
[3]Then Job answered the LORD and said:
[4]"Behold, I am of small account; what shall I answer you?
I lay my hand on my mouth.
[5]I have spoken once, and I will not answer;
twice, but I will proceed no further."
The LORD Challenges Job
[6]Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said:
[7]"Dress for action(8) like a man;
I will question you, and you make it known to me.
[8]Will you even put me in the wrong?
Will you condemn me that you may be in the right?
[9]Have you an arm like God,
and can you thunder with a voice like his?
[10]"Adorn yourself with majesty and dignity;
clothe yourself with glory and splendor.
[11]Pour out the overflowings of your anger,
and look on everyone who is proud and abase him.
[12]Look on everyone who is proud and bring him low
and tread down the wicked where they stand.
[13]Hide them all in the dust together;
bind their faces in the world below.(9)
[14]Then will I also acknowledge to you
that your own right hand can save you.
[15]"Behold, Behemoth,(10)
which I made as I made you;
he eats grass like an ox.
[16]Behold, his strength in his loins,
and his power in the muscles of his belly.
[17]He makes his tail stiff like a cedar;
the sinews of his thighs are knit together.
[18]His bones are tubes of bronze,
his limbs like bars of iron.
[19]"He is the first of the works(11) of God;
let him who made him bring near his sword!
[20]For the mountains yield food for him
where all the wild beasts play.
[21]Under the lotus plants he lies,
in the shelter of the reeds and in the marsh.
[22]For his shade the lotus trees cover him;
the willows of the brook surround him.
[23]Behold, if the river is turbulent he is not frightened;
he is confident though Jordan rushes against his mouth.
[24]Can one take him by his eyes,(12)
or pierce his nose with a snare?
[41:1](13) "Can you draw out Leviathan(14) with a fishhook
or press down his tongue with a cord?
[2]Can you put a rope in his nose
or pierce his jaw with a hook?
[3]Will he make many pleas to you?
Will he speak to you soft words?
[4]Will he make a covenant with you
to take him for your servant forever?
[5]Will you play with him as with a bird,
or will you put him on a leash for your girls?
[6]Will traders bargain over him?
Will they divide him up among the merchants?
[7]Can you fill his skin with harpoons
or his head with fishing spears?
[8]Lay your hands on him;
remember the battle--you will not do it again!
[9](15) Behold, the hope of a man is false;
he is laid low even at the sight of him.
[10]No one is so fierce that he dares to stir him up.
Who then is he who can stand before me?
[11]Who has first given to me, that I should repay him?
Whatever is under the whole heaven is mine.
[12]"I will not keep silence concerning his limbs,
or his mighty strength, or his goodly frame.
[13]Who can strip off his outer garment?
Who would come near him with a bridle?
[14]Who can open the doors of his face?
Around his teeth is terror.
[15]His back is made of(16) rows of shields,
shut up closely as with a seal.
[16]One is so near to another
that no air can come between them.
[17]They are joined one to another;
they clasp each other and cannot be separated.
[18]His sneezings flash forth light,
and his eyes are like the eyelids of the dawn.
[19]Out of his mouth go flaming torches;
sparks of fire leap forth.
[20]Out of his nostrils comes forth smoke,
as from a boiling pot and burning rushes.
[21]His breath kindles coals,
and a flame comes forth from his mouth.
[22]In his neck abides strength,
and terror dances before him.
[23]The folds of his flesh stick together,
firmly cast on him and immovable.
[24]His heart is hard as a stone,
hard as the lower millstone.
[25]When he raises himself up the mighty(17) are afraid;
at the crashing they are beside themselves.
[26]Though the sword reaches him, it does not avail,
nor the spear, the dart, or the javelin.
[27]He counts iron as straw,
and bronze as rotten wood.
[28]The arrow cannot make him flee;
for him sling stones are turned to stubble.
[29]Clubs are counted as stubble;
he laughs at the rattle of javelins.
[30]His underparts are like sharp potsherds;
he spreads himself like a threshing sledge on the mire.
[31]He makes the deep boil like a pot;
he makes the sea like a pot of ointment.
[32]Behind him he leaves a shining wake;
one would think the deep to be white-haired.
[33]On earth there is not his like,
a creature without fear.
[34]He sees everything that is high;
he is king over all the sons of pride."
Job's Confession and Repentance
[42:1]Then Job answered the LORD and said:
[2]"I know that you can do all things,
and that no purpose of yours can be thwarted.
[3]'Who is this that hides counsel without knowledge?'
Therefore I have uttered what I did not understand,
things too wonderful for me, which I did not know.
[4]'Hear, and I will speak;
I will question you, and you make it known to me.'
[5]I had heard of you by the hearing of the ear,
but now my eye sees you;
[6]therefore I despise myself,
and repent(18) in dust and ashes."
The LORD Rebukes Job's Friends
[7]After the LORD had spoken these words to Job, the LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite: "My anger burns against you and against your two friends, for you have not spoken of me what is right, as my servant Job has. [8]Now therefore take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and offer up a burnt offering for yourselves. And my servant Job shall pray for you, for I will accept his prayer not to deal with you according to your folly. For you have not spoken of me what is right, as my servant Job has." [9]So Eliphaz the Temanite and Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite went and did what the LORD had told them, and the LORD accepted Job's prayer.
The LORD Restores Job's Fortunes
[10]And the LORD restored the fortunes of Job, when he had prayed for his friends. And the LORD gave Job twice as much as he had before. [11]Then came to him all his brothers and sisters and all who had known him before, and ate bread with him in his house. And they showed him sympathy and comforted him for all the evil(19) that the LORD had brought upon him. And each of them gave him a piece of money(20) and a ring of gold.
[12]And the LORD blessed the latter days of Job more than his beginning. And he had 14,000 sheep, 6,000 camels, 1,000 yoke of oxen, and 1,000 female donkeys. [13]He had also seven sons and three daughters. [14]And he called the name of the first daughter Jemimah, and the name of the second Keziah, and the name of the third Keren-happuch. [15]And in all the land there were no women so beautiful as Job's daughters. And their father gave them an inheritance among their brothers. [16]And after this Job lived 140 years, and saw his sons, and his sons' sons, four generations. [17]And Job died, an old man, and full of days. (ESV)
Footnotes
1. [38:3] Hebrew 'Gird up your loins'
2. [38:32] Probably the name of a constellation
3. [38:36] Or 'in the ibis'
4. [38:36] Or 'rooster'
5. [39:13] The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain
6. [39:18] The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain
7. [39:21] Hebrew 'They paw'
8. [40:7] Hebrew 'Gird up your loins'
9. [40:13] Hebrew 'in the hidden place'
10. [40:15] A large animal, exact identity unknown
11. [40:19] Hebrew 'ways'
12. [40:24] Or 'in his sight'
13. [41:1] Ch 40:25 in Hebrew
14. [41:1] A large sea animal, exact identity unknown
15. [41:9] Ch 41:1 in Hebrew
16. [41:15] Or 'His pride is in his'
17. [41:25] Or 'gods'
18. [42:6] Or 'and am comforted'
19. [42:11] Or 'disaster'
20. [42:11] Hebrew 'a qesitah'; a unit of money of unknown value
is insightful. Further, after a four-page introduction to the Psalms, ESVLSB provides a one-paragraph introduction to each psalm, which identifies a psalm’s subject, genre, key rhetorical features, and structural arrangement. I have wished for years that someone would see the need to develop this type of approach for the Psalms and I am glad to see this has finally arrived in the ESVLSB. Third, ESVLSB’s notes on Ecclesiastes are insightful. Anyone who sees that Ecclesiastes has some value for normative theology will appreciate this note on page 970: “The book of Ecclesiastes has been aptly called the most contemporary or modern book in the Bible.”
Since my objective is only to give my preliminary impressions of Job, Psalms, and Ecclesiastes, you’ll want to read what others have said for a more thorough review of ESVLSB. Endorsements for this study Bible may be found at Between Two Worlds and Dispatches from the Post Evangelical Wilderness. You may also want to read a couple of interviews with both Dr. Leland Ryken and Dr. Philip Graham Ryken at Mongergism.com and at Westminster Bookstore Blog. Initially, I thank God for tools, like ESVLSB, that divine providence has made available for us to effectively study Scripture. Since I still have 63 other books in ESVLSB to read, these are only my initial thoughts. Since ESVLSB’s notes for Job, Psalms and Ecclesiastes are a delight to read, I anticipate that my trek through the remainder of this study Bible will be equally profitable.
